Dynamo-electric machinery



(No Model.) 3 Sheets-Sheet 1.

U. SELLERS.

v DYNAMO ELECTRIC MACHINERY. No. 520.940. Patented June 5,1894;

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DYNAMO ELECTRIC MAGHINERY.

No. 520,940. Patented June 5, 1894.

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(No Model.) 3 Sheets-Sheet 3.

G. SELLERS. DYNAMO ELEOTRE MAGHINEEY. No. 520,940. Patented June 5,1894.

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UNITED STATES PATENT ()FFIcE.

COLEMAN SELLERS, OF PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA.

DYN AMO-ELECTRIC MACHINERY,

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 520,940, dated June 5,1894.

Application filed October 27, 1893. Serial No. 189,301. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, COLEMAN SELLERS, a citizen of the United States,residing at Philadelphia, in the State of Pennsylvania,have inventedcertain new and useful Improvements in D ynamo-Electric Machinery; and Ido hereby declarethe following to be a full, clear, and exactdescription of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in theart to which it appertains to make and use the same.

The objects of my invention are to facilitate the adaptation ofelectrical machinery, such as dynamos, to wateror steam-power servicewhen the transmission of power to the dynamo requires the use of avertical shaft; to enable the dynamo to be aligned to the axis of thepower shaft, and thus insure free running; to facilitate and simplifythe construction of the dynamo so far as its mechanical features areconcerned, and to greatly increase the ease and certainty in the31586111 bling of the several parts, in erection and in subsequenttaking apart for repairs; to enable the central part of the dynamo to bequickly removed and replaced in such manner as to give free room for theremoval of the several connecting parts situated beneath the dynamo,such as shafts, bearings, &c., without disturbing the primary alignmentof the two machines, viz: the dynamo and water wheel or engine, shaftand bearings; to afford means for positive lubrication and means ofcooling of the bearings; and also to provide means for induction byrotation of cooling air to the armature and field magnets.

As stated above, my invention is applicable to that class of dynamos inwhich a vertical shaft is employed. In the following description and inthe drawings herewith I have shown and described a machine having awater wheel as a source of power; and I have done so for the purpose ofclearness, and not for purposes of limitation, since it is apparent toone skilled in the art that the nature of the power, whether water orsteam, is immaterial. VVith such understanding I shall show theconstruction and application of my invention in connection with a waterwheel as a source of power,

The nature of'my invention consists in arranging a primary bed-plate tobe securely fastened to suitable foundations, the exact shape orexternal form of this bed-plate being of no great importance, providedit is so arranged as to be solid on its foundations with its upperplaned or dressed surface true as to its face, being at rightangles tothe axis of rotation of the driving shaft. It is important, however,that the bed-plate should be provided with projections or lugs tofacilitate the adjustment of the main frame of the dynamo by means ofkeys or wedges, as I show herein. The main frame of the dynamo ispreferably of cylindrical form and provided with feet which rest on thedressed portion of the bed-plate, and which are so constructed as topermit of being bolted to the bed-plate after being adjusted as toalignment with the axis of rotation of the driving shaft. Out side ofthis cylindrical frame, the armature, if stationary, can be attached andcentered, or the field magnets may be located thereon, if the armatureis made to revolve out side of the field magnets. Within thiscylindrical frame, carrying the electrical machinery, are two or. moreprojections which project inwardly, of a limited width provided with a Vshaped groove on the top and bottom of each projection, said groovesbeing intended to receive and hold concentrically the spider frames thatcarry the shaft bearings of the dynamo by means of bolts which passthrough bolt-holes in the projections upon the frame and throughcorresponding bolt-holes in the ends of the spider frame arms. Belowthese projections is a ring or flange, or segment of a ring, or flanges,upon which the lower spider frame rests when not held up to its V shapedbearing by the bolts. The spider frames have solid hubs which arepreferably bored conically to receive conical bushings of bearing metaland provided with means of cooling; and the bushings of bearing metalare provided with means of maintaining a forced circulation of oil, ashereinafter described. Upon the exterior of this cylindrical frame areprojecting ribs which carry the armature plates, thus leaving spacesinto which cooling air is admitted; and to maintain such circulation ofcooling air I have devised attachments to the bell-cap carrying therotating rim upon which, in the present construction, the field magnetsare mounted, as more fully described hereinafter.

But it will be apparent that, if the machine is constructed withstationary fields and revolving armature, these air spaces may bereadily provided within the rotating rim and the circulation of airmaintained in the same manner. Upon the upper end of the shaft supportedwithin the frame, as explained, is mounted rigidly a revolving bell-capcarrying a rim or fly-whecl, within which the field magnets are mounted.The coupling which attaches the dynamo shaft to the water wheel shaft isarranged to be separated from the shaft by hydraulic power.

Referring to the drawings herewith, consisting of three sheets:-Figu reI is a vertical cross-section of a dynamo with a stationary armature andrevolving field magnets. Fig. II is a top-plan view of the same, havinga portion of the bell-cap and revolving fields cut away, and alsoshowing a portion of the cylindrical frame in cross-section. Fig. III isan enlarged cross-section of the hub of one of the spider frames and thebushing of hearing metal, and showing also in section the pipeconnections for the oil circulation and for the water coolingcirculation.

Like letters refer to like parts throughout the drawings.

A is the bed-plate, provided with dressed surfaces, B, and projections,O, for wedges, D, and bolts, E. A cylindrical casting, F, with feet, G,resting on the surface, B, has ribs, (1, (see Fig. II) on the outside,dressed to receive the armature punchings or plates, one or more of saidribs, as I), being provided with a key-way to receive a key, 0, toprevent the armature from slipping.

Inside of the cylindrical frame, F, are two or more proj ections, H, H,(in the present case I have shown four) turned V shaped top and bottom(see d, d, Fig. I) and provided with bolt-holes, I, I. A ring, K, at thebottom of the cylinderis provided as a ledge upon which the lowerspider, J, can rest when not held up to its V bearing, b, by the bolts,6, e. The spiders, J, J, are provided with solid hubs, f,f, which arebored conically to receive the bushings of bearing metal, g, g, whichare held in place by any suitable means. The ends of the arms of thespiders, J and J are turned V shaped upon their lower and upper surfacesrespectively, to correspond with and fit into the V shaped bearings, d,d, upon the projections, H, H, upon the inside of the cylindrical frame,F, and have bolt-holes corresponding to the bolt-holes I, I, in theprojections, H, H.

In constructing magneto electrical inachines, either for alternatingcurrents or continuous currents, when the machine is to be operated bywater power, the problem of successful regulation of the speed of thewater wheel yielding the power depends largely upon the possiblefiy-wheel effect obtainable through and by means of the revolving partsof the electrical machine. For this reason the revolving field magnets,L, L, as shown in the drawings, or the revolving armature if placedinside of the continuous forged or cast steel rim, M, suspended from thebell-cap, N, which is rigidly mounted upon the shaft, 0, will,conjointly with the rim, M, act as a flywheel with the centrifugal forceacting outward against the rim, M, and can be readily brought intorunning balance, and if wellbalanced will relieve the bearings from allunequal pressure except such as may result from want of magneticuniformity in magnetic attraction. Inasmuch as such want of magneticbalance may cause lateral pressure on the bearings in any direction, Iprefer to make the metal lining, g, ofthe bearings continuous throughouttheir circumference. I also provide proper appliances for aforcedcirculation of oil by having a central chamber, h, in each bearing, g,g, with such extension by grooves from the central chamber, as shown ati, Fig. III, as may be required in either to insure distribution of oilover the whole length and surface of each bearing. This circulation maybe maintained in any wellknown manner either by gravityor pumppressure.I have also shown a convenient system of pipe connection for thispurpose, which consists of theinduction pipe, j, which, with properbranches, forces the oil into the central chambers, 71, h. Referring nowto the upper bearing, the oil which is forced upward collects within theannular opening, 7c, which is connected with the eduction pipe, Z. Theoil which passes downward is confined Within a sleeve, m, about theshaft, 0, the ends of which fit up against the inner faces of the hubs,fif, and from which an eduction pipe, 2, leads to the pipe, Z. It isalso apparent that this provision also carries away the oil which isforced upward from the center of the lower bearing. The oil which passesdownward from the center of the lower bearing is collected in an annularcup, at, which is attached to and rotates with the coupling, P. Leadinginto this cup is an eduction pipe, 0, the open end of which is so placedwithin the annular cup, n, that the oil, by the centrifugal action androtation is forced into the pipe, 0. It is also desirable that thiseduction pipe, 0, should not lead directly into the eduction pipe, Z, asa reverse flow of oil in the pipe, 0, might occur; and it may also bedesirable that this pipe should be connected with a pump for drawing offthe oil. To further insure against heating, I provide grooves, 19,19,preferably spiral, after the manner of a square thread of a screw, inthe hubs, f,f, of the spider frames, J, J. By means of a simpleinduction pipe, 7, with connections to one end of each of these spiralgrooves, 19,19, and by means of an eduction pipe, 8, with connections tothe other end of each of these spiral grooves, 19, p, a circulation ofcooling water may be maintained about the bushings, To enable asufficient quantity of air to be inducted by rotation for coolingpurposes, I prefer turning the bell-cap, N, over 1ts entire upperrurface, and through holes of sufficlent size, placed symmetricallyabout the central axis, I project metal hoods, t, 25, open on the sidein the direction of rotation to catch the air and project it into theinterior of the generator, from whence it passes out through the magnetand armature spaces, and by contact carries off the heat of such parts.In constructing and attaching these hoods,

t, t, I make them with flanges and insert themfrom the under side of thebell-cap,so that they are firmly secured and the possibility of theirflying off is precluded. I prefer to have the central shaft, 0, attachedpermanently to the bell-cap, N, and made detachable from a coupling, P,below, for the purpose of making the shaft serve as a guide when thewhole bell and its attached parts are removed to facilitate repairs oralterations. The lower end of the shaft, 0, is tapered and fits into acorrespondng taper socket in the coupling, P. A key, u, is fitted intothe coupling and shaft, which is driven tight as the shaft settles intothetaper socket. To facilitate the removal of the shaft fromthecoupling, I provide a screw-threaded open1ng,o, in the side of thecoupling through which hydraulic pressure may be applied to force aseparation of the shaft and coupling; and to prevent leakage in theapplication of hydraulic pressure, a collar of packing, 0c, is fittedabout the shaft between the coupling, P, and the annular cup, a. Whenthe bellcap, N, shaft, 0, and rim, M, have been removed, the oil andwater circulation pipes uncoupled, and the nuts, 20, of the bolts, e, atthe lower end are unscrewed, thelower spider, J, will sink until itrests on the inner flange, K. The upper spider, J, with the bolts, 6,can be then removed by hoisting. The lower spider, J, rotated on theflange, K, until clear of the pro ections, H, can then be removed inlike manner. Then the spiders, once out of the way,the whole centralpart of the machine presents a clear opening through which the hoistingmachinery can reach the water wheel shaft. If the machine and waterWheel shaft are properly proportioned the one offers no impediment tothe free access to the other. All parts can be restored by the reverseof these operations; and itwill be noted at once as a most importantfeature that this method of construction affords absolute preservationof the concentricity of parts when assembling or re-asseinhling them inproper order, and also that this condition is in no wise disturbed inadjusting the machine upon the bed-plate to secure perfect alignmentwith the water wheel.

I do not limit my claims to the precise form and proportion andarrangement of the lining bushings and the water cooling arrangement asshown, inasmuch as it must be evident to any intelligent mechanic that,while a conical form to the outside of the lining facili tatesconstruction,acylindri cal bushing prop erly fitted will be equallyeflicient; also that, while a passage for-water made in a spiral likethe thread of a screw is shown, a correspondingly good result can beobtained by grooves for water made horizontal and parallel one toanother, united by connecting passages to afford proper watercirculation.

I do not limit my claims to the peculiar V shape of the groovesthatdetermine the concentricity of the several parts, as the same effectmay be accomplished by flat bearing surfaces with a projecting tongue onone part engaging in a corresponding groove in the otherpart. The intentof my invention being to insure proper concentricity by means analogousto V joints as shown,which enable similarly formed spider frames to beused for top and bottom bearings, the one removable directly, the otherremovable by being turned around clear of the lugs while resting on theinner lower flange and then lifted clear of the supporting projections.The lower flange, while described in its simplest form as a continuousflange, may be of any shape. It need not be continuous if separateprojections are provided to give support to the spider frame when thebolts are freed from their nuts. The hoisting device once attached tothe lower spider, it can be rotated clear of theprojections and thenremoved, even if the flanges do not project beyond the width of theprojections.

I am aware of the several inventions made the subject of applicationsfor Letters Patent by Professor George Forbes, of London,England,relative to machinery of this character; and I therefore do not claimany of those fea tures distinctly shown and claimed by him. Nor do Iclaim broadly the adjustment of the cylindrical frame upon the bed-platefor purposes of alignment. Nor do I claim broadly the circulation ofcooling air about the armature and field magnets of a dynamo; but

What I do claim is- 1. In a dynamo electric machine having a verticalshaft, a cylindrical frame provided withinternal projectionshavingbearings concentric with the aXis of rotation of the shaft,substantially as described.

2. In a dynamo electric machine having a vertical shaft, the combinationof a cylindrical frame with internal projections having bearingsconcentric with the axis of rotation, with spider frames havingcorresponding concentric bearings, and hubs to support the bearings ofthe shaft, substantially as described.

8. In a dynamo electric machine having a vertical shaft, a cylindricalframe provided with internal projections having bearings concentric withthe axis of rotation and spider frames and hubs to support the bearingsfor the shaft, the said spider frames fitting into the said bearingsupon the cylindrical frame and detachably secured thereto and capable ofbeing removed and replaced, the one by being immediately lifted out andthe other by being rotated upon its axis until the spider frame is clearof the projections and then by hoisting, substantially as described.

4;. In a dynamo electric machine having a vertical shaft, a cylindricalframehaving internal projections and concentric bearings to receive thespider frames within which the shaft is supported, and provided with aring or flange, or segments of rings, or flanges, so situated as to forma ledge upon which the ends of the lower spider frame may rest whenremoving or replacing the same, substantially as described.

5. A dynamo electric machine having a vertical shaft, spider frames orsupports detachably secured to the concentric bearings of a cylindricalframe and having the hubs of said spider frames concentrically bored toreceive conical bushings of bearing metal within which the shaft issupported, substantially as described.

6. In a dynamo electric machine having a vertical shaft, the combinationof a shaft carrying a bell-cap and rim within which are supported eitherthe field magnets or the armature plates, the lower end of said shaftbeing detachably secured to the power shaft, with a cylindrical framehaving internal proections and concentric bearings to receive the armsof the spider frames which support the shaft within concentric conicalbearings, substantially as described.

7. A dynamo electric machine having a vertical shaft carrying abell-shaped revolving field or armature and supported within bearingscarried by spider frames detachably secured in concentric bearings uponprojections within a cylindrical frame which is provided withprojections which rest upon the bed-plate and which are capable ofadjustment thereon to secure alignment with the power shaft withoutdisturbing the determined coneentricity of the stationary and revolvingparts of the machine, substantially as described.

8. In a dynamo electric machine having a vertical shaft, the combinationof a bell shaped revolving field or armature with two similarly formedspider frames, to be used for top and bottom bearings, a cylindricalframe provided with lugs or projections and a flange or ledge, wherebythe lower spider maybe removed by being turned around clear of the lugsor projections while resting upon said flange or ledge and then liftedclear of the supporting projections, substantially as described.

9. In a dynamo electric machine having a vertical shaft, the combinationwith said shaft of conical bearings continuous throughout theircircumference supported within spider frames and a cylindrical frameconcentric with said shaft, substantially as described.

10. In a dynamo electric machine having a vertical shaft, thecombination of conical bearings with a system of forced circulation ofoil by means of induction and eduction pipes and chambers and graduatedguiding grooves within the bearings to secure distribution of the oil,substantially as described.

11. In adynamo electric machine having a vertical shaft, the combinationof the bearings provided with a forced circulation of oil by means ofinduction and eduction pipes placed vertically within the armature andchambers and graduated guiding grooves within the bearings to securedistribution of the oil, with a forced circulation of cooling water bymeans of induction and eduction pipes placed vertically within thearmature and connecting with spiral grooves about the bearings,substantially as described.

12. In a dynamo electric machine having a bell-shaped revolving field orarmature, the combination of a bell-cap with hooded openings, open onthe side in the direction of their rotation, to induce by rotation acurrent of air within the machine to cool the armature and field magnetsby contact in passing through the air spaces, substantially asdescribed.

In testimony that I claim the invention above set forth I affix mysignature in the presence of two witnesses.

COLEMAN SELLERS.

WVitnesses:

AGNES B. CLARK, XV. OARYL ELY.

